Method and means for lubricating cylinders of reciprocating engines, compressors, pumps, etc.



Dec. 10, 1929.

L. WYGODSKY METHOD AND MEANS FOR LUBRICATING CYLINDERS OF RECIPROGATING ENGINES, COMPRESSORIS, PUMPS, ETC

Filed July 26', 1924 Patented Dec. 10, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LEON WYGODSKY, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND METI-IGID AND MEANS FOR LU'BRICATING GYLINDERS OF RECIIPROGATING ENGINES,

COMPRESSORS, PUMPS, ETC. 3

Application filed .Tuly 26, 1924. Serial No. 728,403.

The object of this invention is to do away with the present inefhcient methods of lubrication of cylinders, and also to make the lubrication efiicient and more reliable.

5 The present methods `of lubricating cylinders may be divided into the following classes Lubrication by periodically forcing onel or more drops of oil through one or more plugs or points on the surface of the cylinder. In

this method, the oil applied in one or more points has to spread over the surface of the cylinder. Naturally, the oil has a long way to travel and to facilitate the spreading of the oil, a larger quantity has to be supplied than is necessary. It is evident that the lubrication cannot be even.

Lubrication by means of periodically discharging one or more drops of oil into the gas or vapor in the intake pipe of the cylinder.

This is very often used in steam cylinders. The action of the steam has a pulverizing effect on the oil and the same appears inside of the cylinder in the shape of a fog which is deposited on all the surfaces with which it '25 comes in contact. It is easily seen that only a fraction of the available oil in the fog will be deposited. The major part of the oil is ejected through the exhaust. This method, besides being insuiicient, is also wasteful and unreliable. It is also impossible to lubricate a dry cylinder before starting the engine. This is responsible for many failures of en gine cylinders. To this class also belongs the method of mixing lubricant with gasoline 235 as sometimes used in small two cycle engines.

rlheso-called splash lubrication This is applicable mostly tovertical cylinders with an enclosed crank case. The objection to this system is that the cylinder is often over- 10 lubricated; although economical in oil consuption, it is objectionable on account of the fact, that the Ioil soon deteriorates because of sediments, water, or dilution as in case of condensed gasoline passing through the pis- 4.5 ton rings.

The subject of this invention is a new method and means for doing away with all the objections enumerated above.

The method consists in periodically dism charging the lubricant through a nozzle situ- .3o ated preferably in the cylinder cover or head, in the shape of a hollow cone so thatthe discharge through the nozzle is deposited in the shape of a ring of oil on the surface of the cylinder, preferably in or near the middle of same, and so timed that the discharge takes place when the piston is in or near the dead point opposite the nozzle. The latter condition prevents the deposition of oil on the piston head, which would be wasted. no

A further object of my invention is the providing a means of discharging a small quantity of fiuid under high pressure upon a working surface at a desired location.

A further object of my invention is the proe5 viding of means of discharging a definite quantity of fluid on a working surface determined as a function of the working of said surface.

A further object of my invention is the pro- 7o viding of means of discharging a definite quantity of fluid on a working surface and means for regulating said quantity both as to the amount discharged and frequency of discharge.

Vith the foregoing` and other objects in view, my invention consists of the methods employed, combination and arrangementsof systems, apparatus and meansas hereinafter speciiically provided and illustrated in the so accompanying drawings wherein is shown the preferred embodiment of my invention, but it is understood that changes, variations and modifications may be resorted to which come within the scope of the claims hereunto appended. j

In the drawings of the herein-described embodiment of myV invention, Fig. l shows a view in section of a spraying means for sprayingthe interior walls of a cylinder and oo iston rod. Fig; 2 shows a view of the spraymg nozzle taken through 2-2 of Fig. 1, and shows the tangential holes 4 which causes thc whirling spray action. Fig. 3 shows the nozzle in position in a cylinder head in operation spraying the wall/s of the cylinder and piston rod. Fig; 4 shows my improved means of feeding the lubricant to the nozzle shown in Fig-1. Fig. 5 is a view showing a side elevation of Fig. 4, also detail of the operat- Fig. 3i; 2 is the nozzle which is screwed into nozzle body 1 ;l 3 is the spray valve provided with a hollow stem in communication with the interior of nozzle body 1 and seats on nozzle 2,'the Vvalve'seat formed in nozzle 2 being of conical shape'and the valve '3'being provided with a conical surface of a larger body angle,

, these -twoconical 4surfaces forming a. chamber 7 when valve 3l is closed.

' .'.Valvef3'near the base of conical surt:face issuppliedY with substantially tangential -holes 4'which permit the uid to pass from thev hollow valve stem into chamber 7 and when the valve is .unseated 'and iuid is pass- 'ing' through said holes a Vwhirling motion is en endered. 5 isa spring tending to keep lva ves"3 seated and is held by means of hole 5 in position on hollow valveY stem. vHollow valve stem of valve 3 is externally threaded,

O'Ivother ymeans provided, to secure stop nuts 8 'fili an adjusted position to limit the movement o f'valves 3; (iis asupply ipe secured in an ordinary way 'to-n'ozzle ody 1. 22 is a Ycylinder, provided with cylinder head 23.

' In'the'drawing this is presumed to be a steam i .cylinder I and lprovided with steam ports 19 and 20.` Ido not wish to' limit myself, however, to the` construction shown, as the ini ,vention isr equally applicable to anyV working Surface, .such as, guides or exterior werkparts,orother working cylinders, such as pumps, airor rother compressors, internal ,combustion engines, or Vother interiorQwork- V2A is a p1ston operated '-by.piston lred 25.

In cylinder -head 23 is secured nozzle body 1 and when in. operation supplies4 an intermittent cone of lubrication 9 forming a ring olf-lubricant 10on the cylinder and lubricatingithe piston Vrod at11.

eferring to Figs. 4 and 5, 12 is the reserllvoir; for containing the lubricant or other pump-bodyl' in which operates piston 14- andtheatt-ached'plunger15.` 16 isja pump .fluid-taille sprayed. AEither in or `in coinmunication with this reservoir ismeasuring cylinder hedinlwbich is adjusing screw 16 l g-toadjust and limit the movement of piston 14.

1 7 and 18 'are ports admitting the operating fluid to the cylinder` in which piston 14 operates, said ports being in direct communication with power cylinder ports 19 and 20 shown in Fig. 3, so that the pressure on the opposite sides of piston 24 operates pump piston 14, the said two pistons operating in timed relation.

In the case of a single acting engine when, for example, the port 17 is connected to port 19 and there is no port 20 to connect port 18 to, other means are used to return piston 14, such as a spring or compressed air attached to work on the other side of piston 14.

Pump plunger 15 sucks oil through valve 19 from the reservoir 12 and delivers through valve 20 to the feeding mechanism.

It is desirable to feed lubricant into the cylinders in a small quantity as may be needed at certain times as a function of the operation. The feeding mechanism consists o cylinder25, in which works piston 21 to which is attached on the lower side feeding plunger 22, which plunger is hollow and formed at the top portion into a valve seat upon which seats valve 27, in this ease a ball, which valve 27 is normally held in place by means of a spring which is omitted from the drawing for purposes of clearness. Valve 27 permits the passage of fiuid from the underside of piston 21 into the feeding plunger through port 26 below the piston 21. On the upper side of piston 21 is piston rod 28 which extends neatly through cylinder head 29, which head 29 forms the head of cylinder 25.

On the head of piston rod 28 is an adjusting means consisting of a stud bolt screwed into piston rod 28 and locked in position by a lock nut; this enables the length of piston rod-28 to be adjusted for operating purposes. Infeeding plunger 22 is by-pass 30 which in thlsA case 1s a small hole and which operates when'piston21 is raised in cylinder 25 suiii- 'cient to bring said hole into said cylinder at which ltime and thereafter there is free communication betwecn the lower part of said cylinder and the lower part of feeding plunger 22.

31 is a rocker arm which is operated by vpiston rod 28 as adjusted, and in turn operates trip rod 32, which rod in operation is pushed down and carries with it at its lower end pawl 33, which pawl is pivoted at 34 and. is provided with a counter-weight or other means, spring, or the like, to maintain the same in disengaged position. 36 is a lever `:tulcrumed at 37 and at the end of which is pivot-34 carrying pawl 33 and operates the stem of piston valve 38 after the same has passed through a stuffing-box in the bottom of the reservoir. In construction lever 36 consists of a pair of levers straddling valve stem of; valve 38 which is provided with a pin at its lower end, 50, and embraces pawl 33 between said pair.

` bach pres 38 is a sleeve valve at its upper end covering exhaust port 39 from the upper end of cylinder and at the same time at the lower end of its valve portion uncovers overflow port 40 permitting free passage between the underside of piston 2l and reservoir l2. This valve 33 is maintained in a down or closed position by means of spring 48.

l/Vithin sleeve valve 38 is hollow stem 4l to which is attached valve 42 which valve controls the admission from high pressure source 43.

@n hollow valve stem ll are secured lugs del which are engaged by sleeve valve 38 after the same hasclosed exhaust port 39 and opened overflow port lll), thus raising said valve .l2 admitting high pressure through 43 onto the upper side of piston 2l forcing the same down and thereby forcing the fluid under said piston through port ll() and the fluid in hollow plunger 22 through by-pass 30 into the reservoir until the by-pass 30 is below and cut olf by the bottom of the cylinder 25, when the remainder of the stroke forces liuid by hollow plunger 22 into pipe (i, the amount being determined by the amount piston is allowed to descend after by-pass is closed; this is adjusted by means of adjusting screw lll.

a5 is a plate or operating means which enpawl andwhich is of suliicient length to maintain pawl 33 in up or operating position, as shown by dotted lines, after disengaging from tooth al), a sullicient interval. of time is thus given to permit the desired action of piston 2l. rllhis is necessary to sustain the pressure on piston 2l in order to insure the same reaching the end of its stroke. lPlate is attached to some moving part timed to discharge desired, in the case shown it attached to cross-head le to which the piston rod 25 is secured. i7 are cross-head guides; d3 is a spring tending to keep piston valve in down or closed position, and also lieeps valve 'l2 seated. i9 is a tooth in which pawl is engaged in a hit-and-miss manner.

rl'he operatic-n of my invention is as follows: Assuming the same is attached to a steam engine and cylinder oil is to be fed reservoir l2 is filled with lubrican stop nuts 8 are adjusted to give the proper spray. rllhis a line adjustment of perhaps a few thousfnidtlis of an inch. rlhe adjusting screw da is adjusted so that a proper amount of lubricant delivered at each discharge, depending en the of the engine and the werk in hand. 'lhe adjustment of piston. red 23 determines the freguency of discharge with relation to the notion the ex-igjiue.

Piston llloperating in timed relation with piston 24, by means of plunger l5, pumps the lubricant to the under side of piston 2l, raising the "u'ne against its own weight, and the ire of enhaust through 39, which is substantiall).T nothing when open to the air. After a number of strokes of plunger l5, piser than explained above, namely, the weight of the piston, the exhaust being open to the atmosphere. As rocher arm 3l operates pushing down trip rod 32, thereby pushing down pawl 33, a point is reached when pawl 33 en- (raf-res with olate on the cross-head' this zo c n ,7 causes the feeding apparatus to function by instantly raising the valve 38 which opens the port 40, allowing the superfluous lubricant on the under side of piston 2l to liow back into the reservoir, closes exhaust 39, this preventing the escape of high pressure fluid, and opens valve 4t2 which admits high pressure fluid, through passage i3 which pushes piston 2l down until it engages with adjusting means del. The entrapped lubricant, after by-pass 30 passes the lower end of the cylinder, is forced through pipe 6 into chamber 7 raising valve 3 and forming a revolving discharge under high pressure as desired.

In this specilication, when I use the term spray, I mean the discharging of a lubricant, or other fluid, from a discharge location through space on to the surface to be lubricated; and further, in this specication when I use the term cylinder, I mean any enclosed surface that it may be desired to lubricate or place a fluid thereon,and includes piston rods, cylinders, or other operating surfaces. and further in this speci'lication, when I use the term fluid, I mean any elastic, or inelastic, l'luid, such as, steam, air, gases, oil, water or other liquids, as my invention is applicable to steam engines, water` pumps,

engines, air pumps, etc.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure hy Letters Patentis:

l. Means for cylinderlubrication consisting of, an oriiiee in the end portion of a cylinder, in combination with means for forcing a lubricant through said oriiice at predetermined intervals for spraying he working surfaces within said cylinders, and means for controlling the period of said intervals.

2. Means Aofvintroducing a lubricant into a cylinder consisting o'f, a nozzle permanently located with reference to the surface of the cylinder and positioned to discharge thereon in combination with, means of supplying said nozzle with a definite amount of lubricant delivered in timed relation with a moving part operating in said cylinder, and a moving part controlling said function.

3. A lubricating fluid operated means for feeding a cylinder, consisting of, a lubricant supply, a pumping means supplied from said supply and discharging into the feeding means, said pumping means being operated by a piston each side of which is in communi- Y cation with the cylinder to be lubricated, and

a feeding means for feeding said lubricant into said cylinder.

A 4. Means of forcing a lubricant into a cylinder consisting of, anozzle, permanently positioned Within said cylinder, a pump'Y feed- Y ing a lubricant into a feeding means, a feedconsisting of, a piston actuating a lubricat- .ing pump one side of said piston and the cylinder in which it Works forming a power mechanism when controlled by a fluid, means for `controlling said fluid, the other side of said piston and the cylinder in which it Works and the attached plunger forming a lubricating pump, positive means for introducing lubricant into said pump, and means for controlling the discharge from said pump as to quantity per each discharge.

Y 6. In a'lubricating means, a feeding means consisting of, a piston actuating a lubricating pump one side of said piston and the cylinder in Which it Works forming a power mechanism when controlled by a fluid, means Vfor controlling said fluid, the other side of lsaid piston and the cylinder in which it Works and the attached plunger forming a lubricatingffpump., positive means for introducing lubricant into said pump, and means for controlling the discharge from said pump as to frequency of the same. 7. In a lubricating means, means for positively ejecting lubricant therefrom, and means for controlling said ejection as to time of discharge consisting of eo-ordinated parts one of which operates in timed relation with the partto be lubricated and the other controlling said feeding means.

8. A spray-nozzle for feeding lubricant consisting of,'a body provided with a valve seat, a vali'e seatingV on said valve seat, said vvalve and seat being exposed to the surface to be lubricatedand formed so as to discharge aaholloW spray of .lubricant thereon, means Afdr discharging fluid Within said body through said valve, means for normally maintaining said valve vseated and means for securing said nozzle to a body Vto be lubricated.

-9. A spray-nozzle for feeding lubricant consisting or, a body provided With a valve seat,a valve seating on said valve seat, said 'valve and seat being exposed to the surface to Vbe lubricated Vand formed so as to discharge a hollow spray oflubricant thereon, means for discharging fluidV Wit-hin said body through said valve,means for normally maintaiinne said valve seated,and mean.J i

Y or securing said nozzle to a body to be lubricated, in combina- .ion with-meansfor supplying lubricant to Ibefed, and means for controlling said supply as to amount of feeding and time of feeding and positive means of feedinfr.

10. A lubricating pump for feeding a cyliider, fluid operated, consisting of, a lubricant supply, a pump supplied from said supply and discharging into the feeding means, said pump being operated by a piston one side of which is in communication with the cylinder to be lubricated, means for operating said piston and a feeding means for feeding said lubricant into said cylinder from a relatively stationary discharge.

ll. Means of introducing a lubricant into a cylinder consisting of, a nozzle permanently located in the head of said cylinder in combination with, means of supplying said nozzle With lubricant and discharging the saine as desired consisting of a timing means regulating the number of revolutions of engine per each discharge of the lubricant.

12. A spray nozzle for feeding lubricant consisting of, a body provided with a valve scat, a valve seating on said valve seat, means for discharging fluid within said body through said valve, means for rotating the fluid so passed, and means for securing said nozzle to a body to be lubricated.

13. A lubricating means comprising a 'feeding in ans, :i discharge means, and means for co-ordinating the timed relation of the lubiiatingy discharge Wit-ii relation to the position of the moving body passing over the surface lubricated.

la. A lubricating device consisting of a measuring device feeding a discharge device, means for discharging the superfluous lubricant from the discharge device not required for lubrication, and means for discharging a definite amount of lubricant from said dis-- charge device on to the surface to be lubricated in combination with means for operating the various parts in timed relation with the parts to be lubricated.

l5. A device for cylinder lubrication consisting of, means for spraying within the Working chamber the surface of the cylinder with a hollow cone of lubricant from a pre-determined fixed point with reference to said cylinder intermittently at pre-determined intervals, means controlling said fixed interval and a fixed orifice in the end of said cylinder from Which said lubricant is sprayed.

1G. A device for cylinder lubrication consisting of, means for spraying` within the working chamber the surface of the cylinder with a hollow cone of lubricant from a predetermined fixed point with reference to said cylinder intermittently at pre-determined intervals and means for changing said pre-determined intervals.

I7. A lubricating means for feeding lubricant to a cylinder fluid operated consisting of, a lubricant supply, a pumping means suppiied from said supply and discharginginto a feeding means, said pumping means being operated by a piston one side of which is in vcommunication with the cylinder to be lubricated operating said piston1 in one direction, means for operating seid piston in the reverse direction, and a feeding means for feeding said lubricant into seid cylinder.

18. Means for cylinder lubrication with an internal spray of lubricant consisting of, a fixed orifice with reference to seid cylinder whereby the spray is formed at the said orifice with substantially a hollow cone to lubricate the Wall of said cylinder, and means in said orifice to form said lubricant into said hollow cone.

LEON WYGODSKY. 

